بررسی عوامل موثر بر شکل‌گیری سوپره‌ماتیسم؛ با مطالعه‌ی آثار کازیمیر ماله‌ویچ در سال‌های (۱۹۴۰-۱۹۰۰)

Suprematism is one of the movements representing the link between the political and artistic revolution, invented by Malevich, whose basic form is a square, rectangular and straight line. In his view, the supreme reality of the world is pure emotion, which is independent of other things, and this thinking required new and unrepresentative forms. In his opinion, art has already entered human life in combination with other elements, but now, the time has come for its independence, and in this regard, he chose simple geometric shapes, squares, which are the most explicit form of expressing the human will and blackening its surface, the simplest act of sensitivity. A man thought. At one point, Malevich became interested in the works of Matisse, Lejeune, Picasso, Cezanne, and the Post-Impressionists, and this tendency influenced his art. His influence on Cezanne is evident in the formation of his works from geometric elements, as well as Ernst Mach's view of the environment as separate units in Malevich's work, and other factors similarly formed the basis for his work. He is also a prominent figure in the discussion of the revolutionary features of the Russian avant-garde. During the Civil War, the new Soviet government was concerned about the destruction of old Russian museums and collections, to which Malevich, by publishing a text, considered the art of the past as an obstacle to the new art and reacted to it. He added that the process of living and moving forward in time knows what it is doing and should not be hindered; So if he is moving after destruction, he must be allowed to continue on his way. The main question of the present study is how Malevich's works were formed under the influence of factors in his life. Codified geometric compositions in Malevich's works, when they are the focus of the work and when they are in the context and the direction of the components of the work, and the factors influencing the formation of the works are among the objectives of the research. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the collection of materials is a library. Distinctive features and characteristics are described in detail in each decade, and from each of the four decades between 1940 and 1900, the visual characteristics and structure, of the three works are briefly arranged in tabular form. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the circumstances in which Malevich was present and his influence on the works of artists such as Cézanne, color theory in the nineteenth century, his efforts to invent a style to express pure emotions and other factors were effective in shaping his works. The marked four decades are noteworthy. He also used geometric compositions in all periods, which eventually found most of the codified geometric compositions in the fourth century of his works. Malevich seems to consider the origin of nature, the human figure, landscapes, and other things as geometric compositions and uses simple geometric forms to represent the elements in question.